Hardware Component Troubleshooting

Understanding common hardware issues and their symptoms helps in quickly identifying and resolving system problems. Here’s a systematic approach to troubleshooting core hardware components.

Common Symptoms and Their Likely Causes

Symptom	Possible Components	Initial Checks
POST Beeps	• RAM • CPU • Motherboard	• Count beep pattern • Check manufacturer codes • Verify component seating
System Crashes	• RAM • CPU • Power Supply	• Record error codes • Check temperatures • Monitor voltage levels
No Power	• Power Supply • Motherboard • Power Button	• Test outlet • Check connections • Verify power supply switch

Component-Specific Symptoms

Component	Symptoms	Diagnostic Steps
Motherboard	• Capacitor swelling • Wrong system time • Multiple component failures	• Visual inspection • CMOS battery check • Component isolation tests
RAM	• Random crashes • Blue screens • Application errors	• Memory diagnostics • Swap RAM modules • Clean contacts
CPU	• Overheating • System freezes • Performance issues	• Temperature monitoring • Thermal paste check • Fan operation verify
Power Supply	• Random shutdowns • Burning smell • No power	• Voltage testing • Load testing • Connection check

Safety First: Always disconnect power before handling internal components. Document any burning smells or visible damage before proceeding with diagnostics.